Air Pollution Control Technology Handbook (2nd Edition)

DescriptionA detailed reference for the practicing engineer, Air Pollution Control Technology Handbook, Second Edition focuses on air pollution control systems and outlines the basic process engineering and cost estimation required for its design. Written by seasoned experts in the field, this book offers a fundamental understanding of the factors resulting in air pollution and covers the techniques and equations used for air pollution control.Anyone with an engineering or science background can effectively select techniques for control, review alternative design methods and equipment proposals from vendors, and initiate cost studies of control equipment using this book. This second edition of a bestseller includes new methods for designing control equipment, enhanced material on air pollution science, updates on major advances in the field, and explains the importance of a strategy for identifying the most cost-effective design.The book also coversNew legislation and updates on air regulationNew advances in process integration design techniquesThe atmospheric and health effects of air pollutionAir Pollution Control Technology Handbook, Second Edition helps combat the solution problem with extensive coverage of air pollution control processes. Fully updated with new legislation, air regulations, and extensive reviews of the design of control equipment, this book serves as an ideal reference for industry professionals or anyone with an engineering or science background needing a basic introduction to air pollution control equipment design.Table of ContentsHistorical Overview of the Development of Clean Air RegulationsA Brief History of the Air Pollution ProblemFederal Involvement in Air Pollution ControlCharacterizing the AtmosphereRecipe for an Air Pollution ProblemClean Air ActHistory of the Clean Air Act1990 Clean Air Act AmendmentsAir Permits for New SourceElements of a Permit ApplicationBest Available Control TechnologyAir Quality AnalysisNSR ReformAtmospheric Diffusion Modeling for Prevention of Significant Deterioration Permit Regulations and Regional HazeIntroduction—Meteorological BackgroundTall StackClassifying Sources by Method of EmissionAtmospheric-Diffusion ModelsEnvironmental Protection Agency’s Computer Programs for Regulation of IndustrySource-Transport-Receptor ProblemSource TestingIntroductionCode of Federal RegulationsRepresentative Sampling TechniquesAmbient Air Quality and Continuous Emissions MonitoringAmbient Air-Quality Sampling ProgramObjectives of a Sampling ProgramFederal Reference Methods and Continuous MonitoringComplete Environmental Surveillance and Control SystemTypical Air Sampling TrainIntegrated Sampling Devices for Suspended Particulate MatterContinuous Air-Quality MonitorsCost EstimatingTime Value of MoneyTypes of Cost EstimatesAir Pollution Control Equipment CostProcess Design and the Strategy of Process DesignIntroduction to Process DesignStrategy of Process DesignMass and Energy BalancesSystems-Based Approaches to DesignProfitability and Engineering EconomicsIntroduction—Profit GoalProfitability AnalysisEffect of DepreciationCapital Investment and Total Product CostIntroduction to Control of Gaseous PollutantsAbsorption and AdsorptionProcess Synthesis Technology for the Design of Volatile Organic Compounds Recovery SystemsAbsorption for Hazardous Air Pollutants and Volatile Organic Compounds ControlIntroductionAqueous SystemsNonaqueous SystemsTypes and Arrangements of Absorption EquipmentDesign Techniques for Countercurrent Absorption ColumnsCountercurrent Flow Packed Absorption Tower DesignSample Design CalculationAdsorption for Hazardous Air Pollutants and Volatile Organic Compounds ControlIntroduction to Adsorption OperationsAdsorption PhenomenonAdsorption ProcessesNature of AdsorbentsTheories of AdsorptionData of AdsorptionAdsorption IsothermsPolanyi Potential TheoryUnsteady-State, Fixed-Bed AdsorbersFixed-Bed Adsorber Design ConsiderationsPressure Drop through AdsorbersAdsorber Effectiveness, Regeneration, and ReactivationBreakthrough ModelRegeneration ModelingUsing Mass Exchange Network Concepts to Simultaneously Evaluate Multiple Mass-Separating Agent (Absorbent and Adsorbent) OptionsThermal Oxidation for Volatile Organic Compounds ControlCombustion BasicsFlaresIncinerationControl of Volatile Organic Compounds and Hazardous Air Pollutants by CondensationIntroductionVolatile Organic Compounds CondensersCoolant and Heat Exchanger TypeMixtures of Organic VaporsAir as a NoncondensableSystems-Based Approach for Designing Condensation Systems for Volatile Organic Compounds Recovery from Gaseous Emission StreamsControl of Volatile Organic Compounds and Hazardous Air Pollutants by BiofiltrationIntroductionTheory of Biofilter OperationDesign Parameters and ConditionsBiofilter Compared to Other Available Control TechnologySuccessful Case StudiesFurther ConsiderationsMembrane SeparationOverviewPolymeric MembranesPerformanceApplicationsMembrane Systems DesignNOx ControlNOx from CombustionControl TechniquesControl of SOxH2S ControlSO2 (and HCL) RemovalSO3 and Sulfuric AcidFundamentals of Particulate ControlParticle Size DistributionAerodynamic DiameterCunningham Slip CorrectionCollection MechanismsHood and Ductwork DesignIntroductionHood DesignDuct DesignEffect of Entrance into a HoodTotal Energy LossFan PowerHood–Duct ExampleCyclone DesignCollection EfficiencyPressure DropSaltationDesign and Application of Wet ScrubbersIntroductionCollection Mechanisms and EfficiencyCollection Mechanisms and Particle SizeSelection and Design of ScrubbersDevices for Wet ScrubbingSemrau Principle and Collection EfficiencyModel for Countercurrent Spray ChambersA Model for Venturi ScrubbersCalvert Cut Diameter Design TechniqueCut–Power RelationshipFiltration and BaghousesIntroductionDesign IssuesCleaning MechanismsFabric PropertiesBaghouse SizePressure DropBag LifeBaghouse Design TheoryElectrostatic PrecipitatorsEarly DevelopmentBasic TheoryPractical Application of TheoryFlue Gas ConditioningUsing V-I Curves for TroubleshootingReferencesAuthors BiographyKarl B. Schnelle, Jr., Ph.D, PE, is Professor Emeritus of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and has been a member of the Vanderbilt University faculty for more than 55 years. He has published extensively in the chemical engineering and environmental area, is an emeritus member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and the Air and Waste Management Association, and a Fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. He was a lecturer in the American Institute of Chemical Engineers’ continuing education program for more than 30 years, where he taught air pollution control systems design and atmospheric dispersion modeling courses.Russell F. Dunn, Ph.D, PE, is a Professor of the Practice of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Vanderbilt University. He also has prior academic experience teaching chemical engineering courses at Auburn University and the Technical University of Denmark. He has authored numerous publications and presentations on chemical and environmental engineering design, in addition to having more than 30 years of professional experience. Dr. Dunn is the Founder and President of Polymer and Chemical Technologies, LLC, a company that provides chemical process and product failure analysis, in addition to developing environmental and energy-based process designs for large chemical plants.Mary Ellen Ternes, BE, Ch.E, JD, is a Director at Crowe & Dunlevy, in the law firm’s Environmental, Energy and Natural Resources Practice Group. Building on her career as a chemical engineer for U.S.EPA and industry, Ternes became a lawyer and for over 20 years, has advised clients regarding Clean Air Act permitting, compliance, enforcement and litigation. Ternes has published and lectured extensively on the Clean Air Act. She is former Chair of the American Bar Association’s Section of Environment, Energy and Resources Air Quality Committee; the Climate Change, Sustainable Development and Ecosystems Committee; and the Annual Conference on Environmental Law.